Ability of Metam Sodium to Overcome Short Peanut Rotations Peanut Notes No. 17 2025
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Collapse ▲I was recently asked if peanuts can be planted in a shorter rotation and yield maintained by applying metam sodium. The question was from an outstanding farmer who is faced with challenges growing crops that are ideal from a biological standpoint for peanuts but cannot deliver financially in his circumstances (corn, cotton, etc.) I do think that rotations can be shortened and yields maintained when fumigation is used. We do have work (and others did work before we did,) demonstrating the value of metam sodium in protecting yields when CBR (causal agent for black root rot) and nematodes are present. We have more data on this with older varieties (before Bailey, Sullivan, etc.) than more recent varieties. CBR is still around but we seldom see an issue with it. Rotations are better and resistance in Bailey II, for example, is good relative to this disease. However, we do not have resistance to nematodes in any of our varieties. Rotation and fumigation are what we have to suppress this pest.
I don’t remember all of the specifics, but my answer to the farmer was that metam sodium can likely maintain yields even when the rotation is shorter. But there is still some risk. The farmer was not going to alter the rotation across all acres, but was planning to plant some acres in a shorter rotation. With lower commodity process and fewer options from that perspective, more peanuts may be the best option for overall farm income. But keeping a close eye on the first go at peanuts following a shorter rotation sequence will be important. The farmer stressed that he had worked hard to get his rotations in a good place for peanuts and he did not want to back up from that standpoint. But in 2025, he was going to give the shorter rotations at try.
The data set I’m showing has a comparison of NC 12C and Gregory following several rotations and fumigation treatments. The data set shows the value of a good rotation sequence for both varieties regardless of whether metam sodium was used. Although not conclusive, peanuts in the rotation of soybean-cotton-peanut benefits from the use of a resistant variety and fumigation. The culprit in this study was likely nematodes and not CBR. But the trial goes back a long way.
More recently in our rotation trials with Bailey II, we see a clear benefit of a good rotation but a marginal benefit of metam sodium when it comes to yield. There was certainly a level of nematode suppression with metam sodium.
I’ll have to search the data more closely to parse out more information.