Drought, Maturity, Disease Comments Peanut Notes No. 245 2025

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The following e-mail was sent to NC State Extension agents on September 11.

I recently posted an update on the peanut crop on the portal. We just reached 2600 DD56 if peanuts emerged May 1 across most of the state. Most peanuts emerged closer to May 15 or later. We have some that emerged well into June. It’s going to be a slow go given cooler temperatures and dry soil in many areas. Try to encourage patience. We still have 20 days in September. Digging 1 week early often equates to not realizing 5-7% of maximum yield. 14 days is about 14%. 21 days is about 20%. Whether it’s dry spots (brown plants) or disease (Sclerotinia blight or stem rot,) you need 50% of “injured” plants to dig before optimum maturity. 10% can look like 30% or more. Use caution on your estimate. We generally see the bad plants at a higher percentage. It’s human nature.

When we dig early, we sacrifice maturity of the healthy plants at the estimates above. We don’t recommend digging early for TSWV. Spider mite damage is generally sporadic and often a fairly low percentage of fields. Digging early due to mites is not recommended. There are a lot of fields with a gray cast in areas due to drought. The vines are relatively healthy and are not falling apart. We need to let those areas keep progressing as much as we can.

For leaf spot, when we hit 35-40% defoliation, we get measurable yield loss. Even though it is dry and cooler, leaf spot can move relatively quickly. Incidence (often measured as percent of total leaflets with at least one lesion) and defoliation can double in a week’s time. This is when an effective fungicide program all season and recent sprays with some curative activity can make a big difference in protecting yield.

I’ve received numerous questions about rattling of kernels in the hull. That is a challenging one. Drought stressed plants that turn brown and die will have separation at a high percentage. But it is unlikely that entire fields of peanuts will die. It’s early enough that we need to wait longer to dig. Keep in mind that if you are at least 2 weeks out, you might have 1/3 to half of pods in the white/yellow category. Some of those will blow out of the combine during harvest.

For many fields, if we can get through next week and into the week of September 22 we will be getting close. Based on my weather app we are dry through the weekend and have a modest chance of rain middle of the week of September 15.

Peak activity for tropical weather is around September 10. The same weather pattern that has kept us dry has helped storms stay out to sea and make a turn north and east. We know other waves will be created and it’s hard to know what they will do. Fields are generally dry enough that they can receive significant amounts of water and dry out for digging in a reasonable amount of time.
I’m rambling a lot here and guessing. The peanut crop in general needs another few weeks to reach optimum maturity. There are some concerns about status of plants in some fields, but we need to give the healthy ones, which are often at a much higher percentage than the stressed plants, more time to mature.
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