Sound Splits, Varieties and Harvest Peanut Notes No. 264 2025
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Collapse ▲Question:
I’m sure you are aware of the problem of excess splits on NC 20 last year. I was helping a fellow agent get set up to harvest his variety trial. The first plot was actually NC 21. I picked up random pods from his sample, opened them and found several where the kernels had already split. Come to find out these were dug 14 days prior. Could over field drying be part of the problem? We used to encourage seed growers to dig when the peanuts were a little under mature to prevent excess splits. Do you have enough NC 20 planted to look at different splits after varying days of drying?
Jordan:
I think the issue last year with NC 20 and maybe others was digging in late September/October and having really warm and dry conditions prior to harvest. High temperatures in some cases. Rapid drying. I am looking forward to seeing how peanuts grade in our large plot trials scattered across the state. That should be very informative. We dug a large plot variety trial at Rocky Mount yesterday and I can pull some samples from there if I get a chance. This coming week will be very different from the past month. I do think field drying explains last year and to a degree this year so far. There was no major indication that excessive sound splits for NC 20 were noted in breeder trials and PVQE trials prior to release. Looking at recent PVQE data over three years at all locations, the percentage of sound splits for NC 20 was one point greater for NC 20 compared with Bailey II (3.5% versus 2.5%.)
This is another reminder that small-plot trials only get us so far. We learn a lot of the nuance on more acres with growers. Even though drying conditions after harvest make sense, there could be an issue genetically that we just can’t explain or just couldn’t pick up in previous research in a major way.
Peanuts in 2024 stayed in the field for an extended period of time after digging and before harvesting. Lots of peanuts got dug in October and dried quickly but then sat in the field for a considerable amount of time before harvest. Pods and kernels were really dry and this contributed to physical damage. Rains in September resulted in some delays in digging and some over-mature pods and kernels. These are prone to physical damage.
Good point on picking seed peanuts on the early side. There would be less physical damage. Digging a little earlier would also lower the potential for damage.
*My response here is modified from the initial answer I had to the person with the question.