Anco Clemson Pod Maturity and Disease Peanut Notes No. 196 2022

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Maturity
A song of varying peanut maturity plays on, and its chorus is the value of pod blasting. Some Bailey 2 samples near Calhoun 131 days of age were ~76% OBB, with others near 124 days showing 77 to 80%. 124 day Sullivans ranging ~73%. 06G is easing along, with most samples indicating standard maturity in and around 140. Other Bailey 2 117 days were about a week away from being ready, with the same variety a half mile away planted a day earlier closer to 14 days until the sample suggests optimal maturity. Georgia 19HP samples have been limited but appear to also be easing along.
Maturity develops as a continuum, and we like to aim digging when most of the pods are more mature (black to dark brown, and orange also valuable). Split crops can show up when we get a dry period in the growing season that disrupts the orderly march towards maturity. Digging decisions then include consideration of still trying to get as many pods into the orange-brown-black stage without losing pods at the coal-black stage due to over maturity and weakened pegs. No small number of factors affect pod loss; still, coal black pods can be lost after about 4 days to a week. Virginias are more susceptible to this than runners. Choosing to prioritize one of the split crops over the other takes into account related factors such as vine health and growing season left in the year. It takes about 7 to 10 days for pods to move to the next color category. The attached pod maturity board has a lot of this information. Much of the state has been blessed with rain this year; however, in years/spots where dryland fields become drought stressed during pod fill/development, maturity can show up not as the whole pod changing color but instead as more limited to the saddle area of the pod.
Sprays
Velvetbean caterpillars continue to be seen in peanut fields. Soybean loopers are also appearing. VBC is easier to manage, including with use of pyrethroids (dimilin has been holding well where applied preventatively), whereas SBL require other worm insecticides (incl. Besiege, Prevathon, Intrepid Edge, more listed on p. 61 of the production guide); SBL generally appear as a group with other worms.
As with leaf spot, we have many effective options available for white mold control. Depending on what was sprayed earlier we may rotate products in higher pressure/history fields, and how much time is left in the season may further help us decide or rule out options. Most products with white mold control activity have PHI of 14 days (incl. teb). Exceptions are Convoy/Umbra/Excalia at 40 days and Elatus at 30 days.
Late season morningglory options are greatly limited, primarily due to product PHIs. Ultra Blazer or Storm have PHI of 75 days. The label on 2,4-DB (for annual morningglory) restricts applications later than 100 days after planting or within 60 days of harvest. Aim is available as a harvest aid, as is bush hogging in front of the digger for particularly messy situations.
Morning Peanut Blasting:
Thurs Sep 1, Nutrien Ag, Luray
Tues Sep 6, Pee Dee Peanut, Mullins
Peanut Field Day,
Thurs, Sep 8, EREC, Blackville

Dan Anco

Extension Peanut Specialist and Associate Professor

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences

Clemson University – Edisto Research and Education Center

64 Research Road

Blackville, SC 29817

630-207-4926 cell

danco@clemson.edu

https://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/peanuts/

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