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Dan Anco from Clemson provided the following information:
Water, Replanting
With the abundance of rain some areas have received early this week, there are places with standing water. Peanut can usually tolerate a couple days of being under water, but after three days or more there is more seedling mortality. Replanting decisions as usual vary on a case-by-case basis. In some fields, it will take another week or so before affected parts of fields can be accessed. Being in the middle of May (and near about 50% of acres planted), we are in a ripe window for planting (or replanting) as needed. Time considerations aside, another factor that affects practical application of replanting a portion of a field is the time difference between the two crops. As a ballpark rule of thumb, I tend to consider “normal” weather conditions during the early- to mid-portion of the planting season (mid/late-April to mid-May) as such that planting 3 weeks early at the beginning of the growing season translates into approximately one week earlier come maturity time, which is a reasonable amount. Under normal years, this is a brought about by the increased growing degree days that are available as we move out of the early portion of our standard planting window.
If there are four weeks or more of a difference between the original planting date and a replanting date, I would be more cautious in considering possible replanting activities. Aside from pre-emerge herbicide applications, the difference in maturity of the two crops can start to reduce value/grade. How much this occurs depends on how much of the field is replanted. There are of course multiple components here, and on one hand if we are looking at value, a killed off portion of a field will contribute no value, so some would be more than none. This also naturally depends on who pays for the seed for the replanting. Coming back in with a different cultivar with a shorter maturity duration, as one farmer keenly noted, would be another option for keeping the field moving forward close to its original schedule, but this is not always an option depending on which was planted first and potential contract specifications (e.g., oleic status, etc.). Harvesting a field of mixed maturity is also not recommended for seed production.
Replanting can fall under two broad categories, spot supplemental replanting (a couple inches offset from the furrow) when there is excessively skippy stands (due to poor germination seed, for example, with an operational threshold being less than 2 plants per foot before considering possible replanting) within a row, and complete replanting of a section, like when seedlings are killed by standing water. If we were only managing a field or two, we might be more willing to consider digging replanted portions of a field at a different (later) time than the original planting to allow it to finish maturing. However, based on the number of operations that tend to all need to be done near the same time around harvest, this is not always feasible on a commercial scale. Most of the time, when end rows are dug at a different time than the main portion of a field, this is usually on the order of a couple days rather than a couple weeks.
As a reminder, if we save a few pounds of seed from a seed lot after planting, if later there are germination/vigor questions this opens the door to be able to send off seed from that specific lot to the state lab for testing. I understand adding another step can add a certain amount of aggravation.
Valor Injury
The attached pictures include examples of Valor injury. This can look severe and worrisome where there is a lot of splashing water following a normal PRE application. Nevertheless, when applied at labeled rates, peanut tends to recover well, and this does not typically affect yield potential.
The week ahead is projected to bring warmer temperatures (but not yet excessive). For fields that will become dry after planting (but where moisture is good for planting), dry and hot soils are conditions that encourage Aspergillus crown rot. If we are adding Velum in the furrow, this is an option that helps with managing ACR. This would be more of a concern with temperatures above 90 and where soils were dry, but we may be starting to dip into that area.
