Italian ryegrass continues to be a major issue in our reduced tillage systems for numerous crops and in wheat production. Resistance to glyphosate, paraquat, the selective grass herbicides (sethoxydim and clethodim-type materials), and ALS-inhibiting chemistry are present in the US and in NC. Recently, I was asked how to control ryegrass that was almost completely controlled by glyphosate and clethodim in a peanut field in northeastern NC.  My answer was that paraquat would be a good option, but this assumes paraquat resistance is not present in that field. Hopefully paraquat resistance in not widespread.